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Quantum dot is a quasi - zero dimensional nano - material, which contains a few atoms. Typical dimensions of Quantum Dots are of the order of a few nano meters. Generally speaking a quantum dot is below 100 nm in every dimension. It looks like a very tiny dot and therefore it is called a zero - dimensional system. The motion of electrons is consequently restricted in all three dimensions in a QD and this leads to what are called quantum confinement effects. Quantum Dots have discrete energy levels like in an atom. For this reason a QD is also called as an artificial atom. To understand the properties of Qd, quantum mechanics must be applied.
